1. What is polysilicon?
Polysilicon (Polycrystalline Silicon) is a high-purity silicon material composed of multiple grains. It is processed by purification, reduction, deposition and other processes, and is widely used in the solar photovoltaic industry and semiconductor industry.

2. The main uses of polysilicon

Polysilicon is mainly used in the following two fields:

(1) Solar photovoltaic (PV) industry:

Production of solar panels (photovoltaic modules).
Due to the low manufacturing cost, polysilicon photovoltaic modules are more economical than monocrystalline silicon modules and are suitable for large-scale photovoltaic power plants.

(2) Semiconductor Industry:

As the basic material for chip manufacturing.
Semiconductor grade polysilicon purity requirements are extremely high (usually up to 99.9999999%, i.e. 9N or higher).
It is mainly used to produce silicon wafers (Silicon Wafers), and then process them into various electronic components, such as microprocessors, memory, etc.

3. Production technology of polycrystalline silicon

The preparation of polysilicon mainly includes the following steps:

(1) Raw material purification:

Chemical purification is carried out to improve the purity of silicon by using industrial silicon (also known as metallurgical grade silicon, with a content of about 98%-99%) as the raw material.

(2) Vapor phase deposition method (improved Siemens method):

The hydrogenation chlorination process (Si + HCl → SiHCl₃) was used to convert silicon into trichlorosilicon (SiHCl₃).
Then it is deposited into high-purity polycrystalline silicon through reduction reaction (SiHCl₃ + H₂ → Si + HCl).
This process needs to be carried out at high temperatures (1100-1200°C) and low pressure conditions.

(3) Cooling and crushing:

The polysilicon produced is usually columnar or blocky and needs to be broken to appropriate size for further processing.

(4) Purification and detection:

Further purification and testing are carried out to ensure that the purity requirements of photovoltaic or semiconductors are met.

4. Global polysilicon market

Currently, the main producers of polysilicon in the world include China, the United States, Germany, Japan and South Korea.
China is the world's largest polysilicon producer, and its main manufacturers include Tongwei Co., Ltd., Daquan New Energy, Xinte Energy, etc.
Due to the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry, the demand for high-purity polysilicon continues to grow.

Polysilicon is the core material of the solar and semiconductor industries. Compared with single crystal silicon, it has lower production costs, but its purity and photoelectric conversion efficiency are slightly inferior. With the rapid development of the photovoltaic and semiconductor industries, the market demand for polysilicon remains on the rise, and will pay more attention to technological innovation and production process optimization in the future.

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